If you are giving a presentation or writing a blog, you may wish to summarize the main points in your introduction so that people know what you are going to cover. A summary gives a brief outline of the main points but is not as in-depth as a conclusion. A summary, however, can be placed anywhere (even at the beginning). Summary vs conclusionĪ conclusion comes at the end of a speech, chapter, or piece of text, and it brings together all of the points mentioned. For example, some should only be used when forming a final conclusion, whereas others can be used to summarize sections mid-way through your speech or writing.įirst, let’s be clear about the difference between a summary and a conclusion. We have grouped these summarizing and concluding transition words according to how and where they can be used. Check your English grammar, spelling and punctuation mistakes.Conclusion transition words with examples If you quote directly from the original text, use quotation marks. For example, “the author claims / states / suggests …” This will help your summary flow better, and help you avoid writing short sentences without any connection between them. Don’t forget to include linking words so your reader can easily follow your thoughts. You might also have repeated ideas or details that you’ll need to delete.ħ. At this point, you’ll need to organise all the information in the most logical way. The single sentences summarising the main ideas, with the key facts or figures that support the ideas.Ħ. ![]() In your introduction, you’ll also need to give the author’s name and the title of the text you are summarising. This overview can be your introduction to your summary. When you have written all your sentences, you should be able to get a good overview of the whole text. Are the texts broadly in agreement, or do they have different points of view or findings? Choose only a few supporting details to illustrate similarity or contrast.ĥ. However, if you are summarising a number of texts or articles, start to look for common themes running through all the texts. You may need to either summarise these (if there are a lot of them) or decide which are the most important or relevant. Start pulling out key facts or findings from the text which support the author’s main idea (or ideas). This is important: if you copy what the author has written, you’ll probably write too much!Ĥ. Use your own words, rather than the author’s words. Now write the main idea of each paragraph (or section) in one sentence. Also look for the concluding sentence in the paragraph, as this often summarises the paragraph.ģ. They give the main idea for the paragraph (with the following sentences supporting this main idea). ![]() These are usually the first sentences of each paragraph. ![]() You can either go this paragraph by paragraph, or heading by heading / sub-heading. Then read through a second time to identify the main points. First, read the text or article to get a general idea of the subject matter as well as the author’s attitude.Ģ. How to write a summary: A step-by-step guideġ. Check out the step-by-step guide below on how to write a summary. ![]() You may have to summarise a text or article in English (or a number of texts and articles) to prove your understanding of these texts.
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